Browser Security Basics
Cookies are small files websites store in your browser to remember you. While convenient, they can be used for tracking across sites.
Trackers are scripts that monitor your behavior across the web, building a profile for targeted advertising (or worse).
HTTPS ensures your connection to a website is encrypted — always look for the padlock.
Spotting Suspicious URLs
Before clicking any link, look at the domain carefully. Attackers register look-alike domains to fool you:
❌ paypa1.com (number "1" instead of letter "l")
❌ amazon-security-alert.com (legitimate-looking subdomain trick)
❌ netflix.account-verify.com (real company name, but not their domain)
✅ Always verify the actual domain — the part right before .com/.org/.edu.
Software Updates & Patching
Every software vulnerability gets a CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) identifier. When developers discover a flaw, they release a patch. If you delay updating, attackers exploit the known vulnerability against you.
Public Wi-Fi Risks
Public Wi-Fi (coffee shops, airports) is a hunting ground for attackers.
Packet sniffing → Attackers capture unencrypted traffic on the same network.
Evil Twin APs → Fake Wi-Fi hotspots that mimic legitimate ones to intercept your traffic.
If you must use public Wi-Fi, use a VPN and stick to HTTPS sites only.
Digital Hygiene Checklist
Check off the habits you've already built. Aim for a perfect score!
- I use HTTPS websites when possible
- I keep my OS and apps updated
- I use a different password for every account
- I have MFA enabled on important accounts
- I don't click links in unexpected emails
- I lock my screen when stepping away
- I avoid using public Wi-Fi for sensitive tasks
Keep software updated, be skeptical of links and downloads, use unique passwords, and back up what matters. Small, consistent habits stop the vast majority of everyday threats.